Azhagi's Devanagari (Hindi, Sanskrit, etc.) Transliteration Scheme - Classic Style
Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit, Nepali and any other language which uses Devanagari script can be typed (vide transliteration) using Azhagi or Azhagi+, following the English to Devanagari transliteration scheme/rules (i.e. English-to-Devanagari letter/character/key mappings) given below.
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If the characters in this page are not visible in Hindi, then it means you do not have even one suitable Unicode Hindi font in your system. To download and install atleast one FREE Unicode Hindi font, kindly visit this page or see azhagi.com's unicodeff.php for links to many such pages. Further, for the extended Devanagari/Vedic characters at the end of this page to be visible, you may have to necessarily download and install Siddhanta font from http://svayambhava.blogspot.com/p/siddhanta-devanagariunicode-open-type.html
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x, X and ` [character under '~' in English keyboards] are used as modifiers and/or splitters
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अ = a, आ = aa/A, इ = i, ई = ee/ii/I, उ = u, ऊ = oo/uu/U
ए = e/ae/E, ऐ = ai, ओ = o/oa/O, औ = au/ou/ow
अं = aM/amx, अँ = aMM/amxx/aMx, अः = aH
ऋ = rux, ॠ = Rux, ऌ = lux, ॡ = Lux
ऎ = `E, ऒ = `O, ऍ = `e, ऑ = `o, अॅ = `a
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क = ka, का = kaa/kA, कि = ki, की = kee/kii/kI, कु = ku, कू = koo/kuu/kU
के = ke/kae/kE, कै = kai, को = ko/koa/kO, कौ = kau/kou/kow
कं = kaM/kamx, कँ = kaMM/kamxx/kaMx, कः = kaH
कृ = krux, कॄ = kRux, कॢ = klux, कॣ = kLux
कॆ = k`E, कॊ = k`O, कॅ = k`e, कॉ = k`o, कॅ = k`a
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क = ka, ख = Ka/kha, ग = ga, घ = Ga/gha, ङ = `ga
च = ca, छ = Ca/cha/Cha, ज = ja, झ = Ja/jha, ञ = `ja
ट = Ta, ठ = Tha, ड = Da, ढ = Dha, ण = Na
त = ta, थ = tha, द = da, ध = dha, न = na
प = pa, फ = Pa/pha, ब = ba, भ = Ba/bha, म = ma
य = ya, र = ra, ल = la, ळ = La, व = va/wa
श = sha/Sa, ष = Sha, स = sa, ह = ha
क्ष = ksha/xa, त्र = tra, ज्ञ = j`ja
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Important note on "t, T, d, D, th, Th, dh, Dh"
In Azhagi's Unicode Editor, if you click on 'Tools->Options' and select the 'modern' style ('classic' style is the default), then the mappings for "t, T, d, D, th, Th, dh, Dh" change (To view the key-mappings table for the same, please visit multi.html and click on 'modern style' link given under your chosen language). In Azhagi+, you can effect this same setting by clicking 'Tools->Options->Other Languages'.
Important note on 'ch'
In Azhagi's Unicode Editor, if you click on 'Tools->Options' and tick the 'ch, Ch' checkbox, then 'ch' would also take the same mapping as that of 'c'.
Various other important options
Click here. Herein, you can learn more on the above options too.
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| Consonants with nukta (dot) |
क़ = kxa, ख़ = khxa, ग़ = gxa, ज़ = jxa/za, ड़ = Dxa, ढ़ = Dhxa
फ़ = phxa/fa, य़ = yxa, ऩ = nxa, ऱ = rxa/Ra, ऴ = lxa/Lxa
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ॐ = Aum/oum, श्रि = shri, ऽ = Sx
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| Marathi half-ra or eyelash-ra |
र् = rxx/Rx.
For an example, look at the word below:
सूर्या = soorxxyaa/sooRxyaa
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| Conjuncts (Consonant Clusters) |
The consonant conjuncts get formed automatically as you keep typing your words. For e.g.
पक्का = pakkaa, बक्ति = bakti, आर्या = aaryaa
मल्लिका = mallikaa, द्वनि = dvani, काव्या = kaavyaa
विस्वम = visvam, राष्ट्रिय = raaShTriya, etc. etc.
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१ = 1x, २ = 2x, ३ = 3x, ४ = 4x, ५ = 5x
६ = 6x, ७ = 7x, ८ = 8x, ९ = 9x, ० = 0x
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। = .x, ॥ = .xx
क। = ka.x, क॥ = ka.xx
मेरा नाम व्रिशिन है । मेरा बेटा वकील है ॥
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अ॑ = aq, अ॒ = aqq, अ॓ = aQ, अ॔ = aQQ
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- x when applied after certain Hindi letters modifies them. For e.g.
kruxpaa = कृपा, Rux = ॠ, Sx = ऽ (avagraha), 1x = १ (hindi numeral 1), .x = । (danda)
- Whenever x does not take the role of a modifier, it just prints 'क्ष'. For e.g.
laxman = लक्ष्मन
- ` when applied before certain Hindi consonants modifies them. For e.g.
`g = ङ, `j = ञ, j`j = ज्ञ
- ` when applied between certain Hindi consonants (like k`h, g`h, t`h, d`h, etc.) helps them to form their natural conjuncts. For e.g.
bakkiMghaam = बक्किंघाम whereas bakkiMg`haam = बक्किंग्हाम
- X can be applied between Hindi consonants to help form their half-consonants. For e.g.
lakshman = लक्ष्मन whereas lakXshman = लक्श्मन
bakti = बक्ति whereas bakXti = बक्ति
- XX can be applied between Hindi consonants to help form consonants with halant symbol. For e.g.
baakyaa = बाक्या whereas baakXXyaa = बाक्या
- XX (or X) can be applied between certain Hindi vowels (say 'ai' or 'ou') to help them get separated into their component vowels. For e.g.
priyaiMDiyaa = प्रियैंडिया whereas priyaXiMDiyaa = प्रियइंडिया
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| All Devanagari/Vedic extended characters |
- The table below shows all the Devanagari/Vedic extended characters (along with vowel signs, etc.) typed using Azhagi+.
- The characters have been typed both as standalone characters and also as united with the character स.
- The first column shows the mappings used to type these characters.
- And, since it is Azhagi+, you are free to change all these mappings to suit your own convenience.
NOTE: If the characters below are not visible in your system, then, you need to necessarily download and install Siddhanta font from
http://svayambhava.blogspot.com/p/siddhanta-devanagariunicode-open-type.html. Apart from the extended Devanagari/Vedic characters, the mappings below include vowel signs, etc. too. This is just to ensure that effectively I have not left out any Devanagari (normal or extended) character from having a mapping. So, be assured that using Azhagi+, one can not only type normal Sanskrit but also type ALL the additional/extended swaras/characters.
~!! ᳐ स᳐ Vedic Tone Karshana
[email protected] ᳑ स᳑ Vedic Tone Shara
~!# ᳒ स᳒ Vedic Tone Prenkha
~!$ ᳓ स᳓ Vedic Sign Nihshvasa
~!% ᳔ स᳔ Vedic Sign YajurVedic Midline Svarita
~!^ ᳕ स᳕ Vedic Tone YajurVedic Aggravated
Independent Svarita
~!& ᳖ स᳖ Vedic Tone YajurVedic
Independent Svarita
~!* ᳗ स᳗ Vedic Tone YajurVedic Kathaka
Independent Svarita
~!( ᳘ स᳘ Vedic Tone Candra Below
~!) ᳙ स᳙ Vedic Tone Yajurvedic Kathaka
Independent Svarita Schroeder
[email protected]! ᳚ स᳚ Vedic Tone Double Svarita
[email protected]@ ᳛ स᳛ Vedic Tone Triple Svarita
[email protected]# ᳜ स᳜ Vedic Tone Kathaka Anudatta
[email protected]$ ᳝ स᳝ Vedic Tone Dot Below
[email protected]% ᳞ स᳞ Vedic Tone Two Dots Below
[email protected]^ ᳟ स᳟ Vedic Tone Three Dots Below
[email protected]& ᳠ स᳠ Vedic Tone RigVedic Kashmiri
Independent Svarita
[email protected]* ᳡ स᳡ Vedic Tone AtharvaVedic
Independent Svarita
[email protected]( ᳢ स᳢ Vedic Sign Visarga Svarita
[email protected]) ᳣ स᳣ Vedic Sign Visarga Udatta
~#! ᳤ स᳤ Vedic Sign Reversed Visarga Udatta
~#@ ᳥ स᳥ Vedic Sign Visarga Anudatta
~## ᳦ स᳦ Vedic Sign Reversed Visarga Anudatta
~#$ ᳧ स᳧ Vedic Sign Visarga Udatta With Tail
~#% ᳨ स᳨ Vedic Sign Visarga Anudatta With Tail
~#^ ᳩ सᳩ Vedic Sign Anusvara Antargomukha
~#& ᳪ सᳪ Vedic Sign Anusvara Bahirgomukha
~#* ᳫ सᳫ Vedic Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha
~#( ᳬ सᳬ Vedic Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha
With Tail
~#) ᳭ स᳭ Vedic Sign Tiryak
~$! ᳮ सᳮ Vedic Sign Hexiform Long Anusvara
[email protected] ᳯ सᳯ Vedic Sign Long Anusvara
~$# ᳰ सᳰ Vedic Sign Rthang Long Anusvara
~$$ ᳱ सᳱ Vedic Sign Anusvara Ubhayato Mukha
~$% ᳲ सᳲ Vedic Sign Ardhavisarga
~$^ ᳳ सᳳ Vedic Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga
~$& ᳴ स᳴ Vedic Tone Candra Above
~$* ᳵ सᳵ Vedic Sign Jihvamuliya
~$( ᳶ सᳶ Vedic Sign Upadhmaniya
~$) ᳸ स᳸ Vedic Tone Ring Above
~%! ᳹ स᳹ Vedic Tone Double Ring Above
~%@ ꣠ स꣠ Combining Devanagari Digit ZERO
~%# ꣡ स꣡ Combining Devanagari Digit ONE
~%$ ꣢ स꣢ Combining Devanagari Digit TWO
~%% ꣣ स꣣ Combining Devanagari Digit THREE
~%^ ꣤ स꣤ Combining Devanagari Digit FOUR
~%& ꣥ स꣥ Combining Devanagari Digit FIVE
~%* ꣦ स꣦ Combining Devanagari Digit SIX
~%( ꣧ स꣧ Combining Devanagari Digit SEVEN
~%) ꣨ स꣨ Combining Devanagari Digit EIGHT
~^! ꣩ स꣩ Combining Devanagari Digit NINE
~^@ ꣪ स꣪ Combining Devanagari Letter A
~^# ꣫ स꣫ Combining Devanagari Letter U
~^$ ꣬ स꣬ Combining Devanagari Letter KA
~^% ꣭ स꣭ Combining Devanagari Letter NA
~^^ ꣮ स꣮ Combining Devanagari Letter PA
~^& ꣯ स꣯ Combining Devanagari Letter RA
~^* ꣰ स꣰ Combining Devanagari Letter VI
~^( ꣱ स꣱ Combining Devanagari Sign AVAGRAHA
~^) ꣲ सꣲ Devanagari Sign Spacing Candrabindu
~&! ꣳ सꣳ Devanagari Sign Candrabindu Virama
[email protected] ꣴ सꣴ Devanagari Sign Double
Candrabindu Virama
~&# ꣵ सꣵ Devanagari Sign Candrabindu Two
~&$ ꣶ सꣶ Devanagari Sign Candrabindu Three
~&% ꣷ सꣷ Devanagari Sign Candrabindu Avagraha
~&^ ꣸ स꣸ Devanagari Sign Pushpika
~&& ꣹ स꣹ Devanagari Gap Filler
~&* ꣺ स꣺ Devanagari Caret
~&( ꣻ सꣻ Devanagari Headstroke
~&) ꣼ स꣼ Devanagari Sign Siddham
~*! ꣽ सꣽ Devanagari Jain OM
~*@ ऀ सऀ Devanagari Sign Inverted Candrabindu
~*# ऄ सऄ Devanagari Letter Short A
~*$ ऺ सऺ Devanagari Vowel Sign OE
~*% ऻ सऻ Devanagari Vowel Sign OOE
~*^ ़ स़ Devanagari Sign Nukta
~*& ॎ सॎ Devanagari Vowel Sign Prishthamatra E
~** ॏ सॏ Devanagari Vowel Sign AW
~*( ॕ सॕ Devanagari Vowel Sign Candra Long E
~*) ॖ सॖ Devanagari Vowel Sign UE
~(! ॗ सॗ Devanagari Vowel Sign UUE
~(@ ॢ सॢ Devanagari Vowel Sign Vocalic L
~(# ॣ सॣ Devanagari Vowel Sign Vocalic LL
~($ ॰ स॰ Devanagari Abbreviation Sign
~(% ॱ सॱ Devanagari Sign High Spacing Dot
~(^ ॲ सॲ Devanagari Letter Candra A
~(& ॳ सॳ Devanagari Letter OE
~(* ॴ सॴ Devanagari Letter OOE
~(( ॵ सॵ Devanagari Letter AW
~() ॶ सॶ Devanagari Letter UE
~)! ॷ सॷ Devanagari Letter UUE
~)@ ॸ सॸ Devanagari Letter Marwari DDA
~)# ॹ सॹ Devanagari Letter ZHA
~)$ ॺ सॺ Devanagari Letter Heavy YA
~)% ॻ सॻ Devanagari Letter GGA
~)^ ॼ सॼ Devanagari Letter JJA
~)& ॽ सॽ Devanagari Letter Glottal Stop
~)* ॾ सॾ Devanagari Letter DDDA
~)( ॿ सॿ Devanagari Letter BBA
~)) ा सा Devanagari Vowel Sign AA
~_! ि सि Devanagari Vowel Sign I
[email protected] ी सी Devanagari Vowel Sign II
~_# ु सु Devanagari Vowel Sign U
~_$ ू सू Devanagari Vowel Sign UU
~_% ृ सृ Devanagari Vowel Sign Vocalic R
~_^ ॄ सॄ Devanagari Vowel Sign Vocalic RR
~_& ॅ सॅ Devanagari Vowel Sign Candra E
~_* ॆ सॆ Devanagari Vowel Sign Short E
~_( े से Devanagari Vowel Sign E
~_) ै सै Devanagari Vowel Sign AI
~+! ॉ सॉ Devanagari Vowel Sign Candra O
[email protected] ॊ सॊ Devanagari Vowel Sign Short O
~+# ो सो Devanagari Vowel Sign O
~+$ ौ सौ Devanagari Vowel Sign AU
~+% ् स् Devanagari Sign Virama
~~! स
[email protected] स
~~# स
~~$ स
~~% स
~~^ स
~~& स
~~* स
~~( स
IMPORTANT NOTE: Using Azhagi+, one can already type the following characters
। - Danda / purna viram
॥ - Double Danda / deergh viram
ः - Visarga
ँ - Vedic Tone Candrabindu / anunasika
ऽ - Avagraha
॑ - Vedic Tone Udatta / Svarita
॒ - Vedic Tone Anudatta
॓ - Devanagari Grave Accent
॔ - Devanagari Acute Accent
The above 9 characters (Danda, Avagraha, Udatta, Anudatta, etc.) seem to be enough for people doing normal Sanskrit work. But, for those who do some extra specialized work in Sanskrit, various extended characters are needed. Each user has a need to type his own set of extended Vedic characters. That is why I created extra mappings (around 100) in a standardised manner so that every user of Azhagi+ can type any of the extended vedic characters he/she specifically needs. And, as mentioned earlier in this same web page, user can change the above mappings to suit his own convenience.
