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If the characters in this page are not visible in Punjabi, then it means you do not have even one suitable Unicode Punjabi font in your system. To download and install atleast one FREE Unicode Punjabi font, kindly visit this page or see azhagi.com's unicodeff.html for links to many such pages.
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x, X and ` [character under '~' in English keyboards] are used as modifiers and/or splitters
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ਅ = a, ਆ = aa/A, ਇ = i, ਈ = ee/ii/I, ਉ = u, ਊ = oo/uu/U
ਏ = e/ae/E, ਐ = ai, ਓ = o/oa/O, ਔ = au/ou/ow
ਅਂ = aM/amx, ਅਁ = aMM/amxx/aMx (adak bindi), ਅਃ = aH
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Tippi and Adak characters are used often in Punjabi. Hence, various alternatives are given to type them to suit the user's convenience.
ਤੂੰ = toonx (nx - tippi), ਦਿੱਲੀ = dinxxlii (nxx - adak)
ਤੂੰ = tooQ (Q - tippi), ਦਿੱਲੀ = diQQlii (QQ - adak)
ਦਿੱਲੀ = diqlii (q - adak), ਤੂੰ = tooqq (qq - tippi)
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ਕ = ka, ਕਾ = kaa/kA, ਕਿ = ki, ਕੀ = kee/kii/kI, ਕੁ = ku, ਕੂ = koo/kuu/kU
ਕੇ = ke/kae/kE, ਕੈ = kai, ਕੋ = ko/koa/kO, ਕੌ = kau/kou/kow
ਕਂ = kaM/kamx, ਕਁ = kaMM/kamxx/kaMx (adak bindi), ਕਃ = kaH
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ਕ = ka, ਖ = Ka/kha, ਗ = ga, ਘ = Ga/gha, ਙ = `ga
ਚ = ca, ਛ = Ca/cha/Cha, ਜ = ja, ਝ = Ja/jha, ਞ = `ja
ਟ = Ta, ਠ = Tha, ਡ = Da, ਢ = Dha, ਣ = Na
ਤ = ta, ਥ = tha, ਦ = da, ਧ = dha, ਨ = na
ਪ = pa, ਫ = Pa/pha, ਬ = ba, ਭ = Ba/bha, ਮ = ma
ਯ = ya, ਰ = ra, ੜ = Ra, ਲ = la, ਲ਼ = La, ਵ = va/wa
ਸ਼ = sha/Sa/Sha, ਸ = sa, ਹ = ha
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| Consonants with nukta (dot) |
ਖ਼ = khxa, ਗ਼ = gxa, ਜ਼ = jxa/za, ਫ਼ = phxa/fa
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ੴ = Aum/oum, ਸ਼੍ਰਿ = shri, = Sx
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| Conjuncts (Consonant Clusters) |
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The consonant conjuncts get formed automatically as you keep typing your words.
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੧ = 1x, ੨ = 2x, ੩ = 3x, ੪ = 4x, ੫ = 5x
੬ = 6x, ੭ = 7x, ੮ = 8x, ੯ = 9x, ੦ = 0x
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x when applied after certain Punjabi letters modifies them. For e.g.
Sx = (avagraha), 1x = ੧ (Punjabi numeral 1)
Whenever x does not take the role of a modifier, it does not print anything.
` when applied before certain Punjabi consonants modifies them. For e.g.
`g = ਙ, `j = ਞ
` when applied between certain Punjabi consonants (like k`h, g`h, t`h, d`h, etc.) helps them to form their natural conjuncts. For e.g.
bakkiMghaam = ਬਕ੍ਕਿਂਘਾਮ whereas bakkiMg`haam = ਬਕ੍ਕਿਂਗ੍ਹਾਮ
X (or XX) can be applied between certain Punjabi vowels (say 'ai' or 'ou') to help them get separated into their component vowels. For e.g.
priyaiMDiyaa = ਪ੍ਰਿਯੈਂਡਿਯਾ whereas priyaXiMDiyaa = ਪ੍ਰਿਯਇਂਡਿਯਾ
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